SC directs Centre to consider amending provisions of Hindu Succession Act to make it applicable for STs
Dec 09, 2022
New Delhi [India], December 9 : The Supreme Court on Friday said when the daughter belonging to a non-tribal is entitled to an equal share in the property of her father, there is no reason to deny such a right to the daughter of tribal communities.
A bench of Justices MR Shah and Krishna Murari said a tribal woman is entitled to parity with a tribal man in intestate succession, as it directed the Centre to examine the issue and consider amending the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act.
It also asked the central government to consider making amendments to the provisions of the Act so as to make it applicable to the members of the Scheduled Tribes.
As per Section 2(2) of the Hindu Succession Act, the Hindu Succession Act will not be applicable to members of the Scheduled Tribes.
There is no justification for denying the right of survivorship (a right of a person to property on the death of another having a joint interest) so far as the female members of Scheduled Tribes are concerned, the apex court said in its judgement.
"It is directed to examine the question by the Central government to consider it just and necessary to withdraw the exemptions provided under the Hindu Succession Act in so far as the applicability of the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act to the Scheduled Tribes and whether to bring a suitable amendment or not," the top court said.
The bench said it hopes and trusts that the Centre will look into the matter and take an appropriate decision taking into consideration the right to equality guaranteed under Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India.
"Female tribal is entitled to parity with male tribal in intestate succession. To deny the equal right to the daughter belonging to the tribal even after a period of 70 years of the Constitution of India under which right to equality is guaranteed, it is high time for the Central government to look into the matter and if required, to amend the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act by which the Hindu Succession Act is not made applicable to the members of the Scheduled Tribe," it added.
The apex court said that so long as Section 2(2) of the Hindu Succession Act stands and there is no amendment, "the parties shall be governed by the provisions of Section 2(2) of the Hindu Succession Act", as it dismissed an appeal filed a tribal woman seeking claim of the share in the compensation for the acquisition of land by the government.
In its verdict, the bench further said, "Though on equity we may be with the appellant being a daughter and more than approximately 70 years have passed after the enactment of the Hindu Succession Act and much water has flown thereafter and though we are prima facie of the opinion that not to grant the benefit of survivorship to the daughter in the property of the father can be said to be bad in law and cannot be justified in the present scenario, unless Section 2(2) of the Hindu Succession Act is amended, the parties being member of the Scheduled Tribe are governed by Section 2(2) of the Hindu Succession Act."
Land Acquisition Reference Court had rejected the claim of the share of the woman in the compensation, mainly on the ground that as the parties belong to Scheduled Tribe Community, the provisions of the Hindu Succession Act shall not be applicable and therefore she being a daughter shall not be entitled to the share in the amount of compensation.
The Odisha High Court had also upheld the order of the Land Acquisition Reference Court, rejecting the woman's plea. Hence, the appeal was filed in the top court.
